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Fig. 1 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 1

From: Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles: potential roles and mechanism in glioma

Fig. 1

The main process of exosome biogenesis and release. Most cells in human body can release double-layer membrane-bound nanovesicles into the extracellular space. These membrane-derived vesicles can be divided into three types according to their size: small extracellular vesicles, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Small extracellular vesicles originate from intracellular multivesicular bodies. Multivesicular bodies are vesicles with endocytosis. After fusion with the plasma membrane, a part is degraded by lysosomes, and the other part is released outside the cell to form small extracellular vesicles. Three main ways of information transmission exist between small extracellular vesicles and target cells. Exosome membrane proteins interact with target cell membrane proteins to activate intracellular signaling pathways. Small extracellular vesicles can transfer their own genetic material. The exosome membrane can be directly fused with the target cell membrane, and the genetic information carried in the exosome can be directly transferred to the recipient cell

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