Magnetic nanoparticle | Functionalization | Application | Applicable model systems | Clinical trial ID | Ref# | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro | In vivo | |||||
Feredix | Dextran-coated SPION | Liver, spleen, bone marrow imaging | Â | Â | Discontinued (toxicity) | [30] |
Magnablate | Iron nanoparticles | Thermal ablation | Â | Prostate cancer | NCT02033447 | [136] |
Feraheme/ferumoxytol | Iron oxide-carboxymethyl dextran | Monitor response to bevacizumab therapy | Â | Glioma | NCT00769093 | |
Iron oxide-carboxymethyl dextran | Localize lymph node metastases | Â | Pancreatic cancer | NCT00920023 | ||
Iron oxide-carboxymethyl dextran | Detect recent myocardial infarction | Â | Myocardial infarction | NCT01995799 | ||
Iron oxide-carboxymethyl dextran | Vascular imaging | Â | Migraine | NCT02549898 | ||
VEGF-165 peptide coupling | Cardiovascular imaging/VEGF delivery | HUVEC | Â | Â | [85] | |
Iron-oxide-semi-synthetic carbohydrate shell | Iron deficiency anemia, chronic kidney disease | Â | i.v injection in patients | NCT00233597 | [126] | |
Ferumoxide | Iron oxide-dextran | Labeling of inflammed cells | Â | MRI imaging of patient forearm | NCT01169935 | [88] |
FIONs | PEG-phospholipid | Pancreatic islet graft imaging | Â | Rat liver | Â | [173] |
Ferrotran® (Ferumoxtran-10) | Iron oxide-dextran | Prostrate cancer |  | Lymph node imaging | NCT04261777 | [174] |
(Gal-PEI-SPIO) | Galactose (Gal) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified MNP | siRNA duplexes targeting c-Met | Hepa1–6 cells | Hepatic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice |  | [175] |
(ZnFe2O4-mSi)core nanoparticle | Magnetic zinc-doped iron oxide with mesoporous silica shell | let-7a microRNA + doxorubicin payload | Hela cells | Xenografted nude mice |  | [21] |
Magnetic nanoparticle formulation (MNPF) | beta-Cyclodextrin and PEI coated iron oxide core | miR-145 delivery | HPAF-II, AsPC-1 | Â | Â | [176] |
MPEI-PEG-magnetic nanoparticles | PEI and PEG coated iron oxide core | miR-205 payload delivery | C4–2, PC-3 cells |  |  | [177] |
Fe3O4-SPION | Folic acid (FA) + disulfide-(PEG)-conjugated (PEI) complexed | MRI, siRNA delivery in gastric cancer | SGC-7901 |  |  | [178] |
SPION | T40 dextran coated, epichlorohydrine stabilized | MRI of lymph node, liver, intestine | Â | Pig model | Â | [179] |
PEI nanoparticle | Fe3O4-PEG-LAC-chitosan functionalized | Survivin-siRNA targeted delivery | MCF-7, K562 cells | Â | Â | |
SPION | Gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded PLGA-PEG functionalized | Targeted drug delivery | MCF-7 | Â | Â | [21] |
Iron oxide NP | Chitosan coated, gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded | Targeted drug delivery | SKBR and MCF-7 | Â | Â | [181] |
SPIONs | Daunomycin-loaded | Targeted drug delivery | HeLa | Â | Â | [182] |
PSMA targeted docetaxel-loaded | Targeted delivery | PC-3 | Â | Â | [127] | |
Ferumoxide | Poly-l-lysine coated | Magnetic targeting in stroke | HB1.F3 | Rat | Â | [183] |
Paramagnetic perfluorocarbon nanoparticle | Fumagillin loaded, rapamycin loaded, PEG-PEI-gadolinium: ETPA conjugated | αvβ3-integrin-targeted systemic delivery |  | Rabbit |  | |
Rapamycin loaded, PEG-PEI-gadolinium: ETPA conjugated | avb3-targeted local catheter delivery | Â | Rabbit | Â | [185] | |
IONPs | Polyacrylic acid-co-maleic acid (PAM) coated | tPA delivery | HUVEC | Rats, human blood | Â | |
Amine PEG coated with BSA/ATF protein surface conjugation | Urokinase delivery | PANC02 | Mice | Â | [189] | |
Streptavidin-coated | miRNA-141 detection | Â | Human serum | Â | ||
Streptavidin coated biotin labeled | miR-21 detection | LC–ESI–MS-MS-based | MCF-7 |  | [191] | |
EDT coated and DOX loaded | miR-155 | bEnd.3, MDCK-MDR, U251 | Â | Â | [130] | |
Streptavidin-coated and HepB Ab conjugated | Electrochemical detection of HepB | Sandwich ELISA-based | Â | Â | [192] | |
Streptavidin-coated and biotinylated HIV-DNA probe conjugate | Viral detection | Electrical impedence based | Â | Â | [193] | |
Streptavidin-coated | miRNA detection (let-7b) | SEM, DLS based characterization | Â | Â | [194] | |
Fe3O4-virus-magnetic-MIPs (virus-MMIPs) | Green self-polymerization strategy using dopmaine imprinting | Hep A virus detection | CHO cells | Human serum sample | Â | [195] |
Fe3O4 NPs | PEI coated | Genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 | HEK-293 cells | Â | Â | [196] |
Superparamagnetic particles | Tosyl group and Influenza protein coated | Viral detection by immunomagnetic assay | Â | Saliva sample | Â | [197] |
Graphene oxide MNP | Carboxyl group | miR-122 | Fluorescein-labeled HRP-CRET | Â | Â | [198] |
Zinc ferrite (ZnFe) | Silica coated and amino (–NH2) modified with carboxylic polymers | SARS-CoV-2 RNA capture | Automated in vitro RNA extraction |  |  | [156] |
BNF-80 | Coated with protein A and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody | SARS-CoV-2 (virus) detection | Spectroscopy-based | Â | Â | [10] |
Fe3O4 NPs | Amino (–NH2) modified and poly amino coated to generate poly-NH2-MNPs | SARS-CoV-2 RNA capture and detection | Spectroscopy and qPCR-based | Nasopharyngeal swab samples |  | [157] |