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Fig. 2 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 2

From: Tailor-made natural and synthetic grafts for precise urethral reconstruction

Fig. 2

Overview of key components in the study. A The scheme diagram of tissue-engineered bionic urethras using cell sheet technology. B Cell sheet formation and identification. Cell sheet formation after 21 days of continuous culture. The first line shows photographs of each of the types of cell sheets; the second line show H&E staining results of three cell sheets, which revealed that the cultured oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were composed of 2–3 layers of cells (left, scale bar: 50 μm), the cultured oral fibroblast cell sheets were composed of 3–4 layers of cells (middle, scale bar: 100 μm), and the cultured myoblast induction of ADSCs sheets were composed of 6–7 layers of cells (right, scale bar: 100 μm); the third line shows the SEM images of the three cell sheets, scale bar: 50 μm. C Characterization of USPIO a TEM image; b the diameter distribution from TEM; c The XRD pattern of the synthesized USPIO; d The value of T2 relaxation rate of the synthesized USPIO as a function of Fe concentration from MRI of USPIO in tissue-engineered bionic urethra. D Macroscopic examination of retrieved urethra at 3 months after full-thickness urethral reconstruction. Similar to normal urethra, no ulcerations, strictures, and fistulas were observed in bionic urethra implants and buccal mucosa implants, but extensive contracture and scarring tissue at the graft site was found in SIS grafts. scale bar: 1.0 cm

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