Fig. 5

Overview of key components in the study. A Structural characterization of silk fibroin scaffold. Photomicrographs of gross scaffold morphology (scale bar: 1 cm) and SEM images of cross-sectional and top views of bilayer scaffold architecture (scale bars: 400 mm). B Eosinophil granulocytes (acute inflammation, denoted by arrows) present in de novo tissue supported by silk fibroin scaffolds. a Scale bars: 200 mm, b scale bar: 100 mm. C Histological evaluations (MTS analyses) of urethral tissue regeneration in control and implant groups following 3 m postop. Magnified de novo smooth muscle (SM) and epithelial (EP) tissue formation displayed in 3rd column. Scale bars: 200 mm. D Histomorphometric analysis of the extent of regenerated a-SMA + smooth muscle bundles (a), CK + epithelium (b), and CD31 + vessels (c) present in the original surgical sites of control and scaffold groups