Skip to main content

Table 2 Effect of TME-derived exosomes on the sarcoma cells

From: Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of sarcoma: from biological functions to clinical applications

TME cells

Sarcoma type

Exosomal cargos

Mechanisms

Clinical significance

References

TAMs

OS

\

Promote anti-tumor response; activate caspase-3 and -7

Progression↓

[51]

TAMs

OS

miR-221-3p

Activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway

Progression and metastasis↑

[52]

TAMs

OS

lncRNA LIFR-AS1

Activate miR-29a/NFIA axis

Progression and metastasis↑

[53]

MSCs

OS

\

Decrease hsa-miR-195 and hsa-miR-124, increase hsa-miR-148a

Progression and metastasis↑

[60]

MSCs

OS

miR-21-5p

Activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Progression↑

[61]

ADSC

OS

\

Up-regulate COLGALT2, vimentin, and MMP2/9

Progression and metastasis↑

[62]

MSCs

OS

\

Activate Hedgehog pathway

Progression↑

[63]

MSCs

OS

miRNA-208a

Activate ERK1/2 pathway

Progression and metastasis↑

[64]

MSCs

ATRT

miR-155

Down-regulate SMARCA4

Metastasis↑

[65]

MSCs

OS

lncRNA PVT1

Increase ERG level

Progression and metastasis↑

[66]

CAFs

OS

lncRNA SNHG17

Activate miR-2861/MMP2 axis

Progression↑

[71]

OS cells

OS

uPA

Activate uPA/uPAR axis

Metastasis↑

[69]

EWS cells

EWS

miR-210

Down-regulate CASP8AP2

Progression↑

[28]

OS cells

OS

hsa-circ-103801

Reduce cisplatin sensitivity, inhibit apoptosis, and increase MRP-1 and P-glycoprotein expression

Chemoresistance↑

[91]

OS cells

OS

MDR-1 mRNA, P-glycoprotein

Increase MDR-1 mRNA, P-glycoprotein

Chemoresistance↑

[96]

  1. TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; OS, osteosarcoma; miR, microRNA; JAK2, Janus Kinase 2; STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; LIFR-AS1, Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor antisense RNA 1; NFIA, nuclear factor I A; MSCs, Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; hsa-miR, homo sapiens microRNA; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt, AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PIK3R1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1; ADSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; COLGALT2, collagen beta (1-O) galactosyltransferase 2; MMP2/9, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; ATRT, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; SMARCA4, SWI/SNF Related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4; PVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1; ERG, ETS-related gene; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; SNHG17, Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator; uPAR, uPA receptor; CASP8AP2, caspase 8 associated protein 2; MRP-1, multidrug resistance-associated protein-1; MRP-1, multidrug resistance-1