Fig. 6

Evaluation of AA-MAR for in vivo treatments and anti-infection. a Scheme of treatment, examination, and evaluation of S. aureus induced osteomyelitis rats at different time points. b The processing steps of tibias, tissues, and implants. Quantification of S. aureus collected from the tissue (c), tibia (d), and needle (e) on day 3 post-fracture by SPM after treatment with different proportions of AA-MAR + Laser (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, n = 5). f In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging of rats after subcutaneously injected with AA-MAR. g Histological section of tibias post-fracture from Gram staining in different groups on day 0 and 3. h Overall survival rate of S. aureus induced osteomyelitis rats treated with PBS or AA-MAR + Laser