Fig. 7

In vivo immune responses of S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis rats treated with AA-MAR. Real-time PCR of a TNF-α and b IL-10 around infected area on day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Elisa results of c TNF-α and d IL-10 in serum on day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, n = 5). e Hematoxylin and eosin staining results of tibias post-fracture after treatment with PBS or AA-MAR + Laser for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days (yellow arrows indicate neutrophils; blue arrows indicate macrophages). f Representative immunofluorescence images of CD86 (green) and CD163 (red) in tissue samples after treatment with PBS and AA-MAR + Laser for 3 and 7 days