Fig. 1

Characterization of the liposomes. A Size distribution of C-Lp/DTX and Rg3-Lp/DTX. B Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of C-Lp/DTX and Rg3-Lp/DTX. C Snapshot of the lipid bilayer of Rg3-Lp and typical co-ordinations of Rg3 with DSPC lipids and water molecules (H2O). (DSPC: blue sticks; Rg3: yellow sticks; H2O: O in red and H in white sticks; hydrogen-bonds: red dashed lines). D Density profiles of some major components of the membrane model. The phosphorus atom in DSPC, the oxygen atom connecting the glycosyl and skeleton, and the first glucose unit conjugated to the skeleton are colored in black, red, and blue, respectively. The second glucose unit in Rg3-Lp is colored in green. E Pyrene micro-polarity I1/I3 (378/383) in pure liposomes (Lp), C-Lp, and Rg3-Lp. F Fluorescence anisotropy of DPH obtained from Lp, C-Lp, and Rg3-Lp. G In vitro leakage stability of C-Lp/DTX and Rg3-Lp/DTX. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001; Differences between two groups were analyzed with unpaired t-test, one-way ANOVA was performed to compare data among multiple groups; Error bars represent mean ± SD of three technical replicates