Fig. 1From: Emerging nanotechnology-based therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant cancerMechanisms contributing to the development of MDR in cancer cells. Various mechanisms such as (i) increased drug efflux by ABC drug transporters, (ii) inactivation of drugs via cellular metabolism and detoxification, (iii) dysfunctional apoptotic pathways, (iv) mutations in drug targets, (v) enhanced DNA repair mechanisms and (vi) mutations in cellular targets play roles in the development of cancer MDRBack to article page