Fig. 2
From: Cartilage targeting therapy with reactive oxygen species-responsive nanocarrier for osteoarthritis
Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of MSN-OL in vitro. A, B The laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the uptake of nanoparticles. C, D Intracellular ROS levels were measured by DCFH-DA and flow cytometry. E, F Mitochondrial membrane potentials of chondrocytes were determined with JC-1 staining and flow cytometry. K, I The apoptotic rate of chondrocytes was determined using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. G, H, J Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related proteins, such as bax, bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, were measured using Western blotting. (* indicated p < 0.05, ** indicated p < 0.01, *** indicated p < 0.001 in comparison with the IL-1β or IL-1β + OL treatment group, respectively)