Fig. 3

Toxicity assessment of PMVs@PLGA complexes in vitro. A Flow cytometry detection of the effect of PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA on the apoptosis of H9C2 cells. B Fluorescent micrographs of TUNEL apoptosis of H9C2 cells after exposure to PMVs, PLGA or PMVs@PLGA (scale bars indicate 100 μm). C Fluorescence micrographs of the effects of PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA on caspase 3 activity in H9C2 cells (scale bars indicate 100 μm). D Results of the statistical analysis of the effects of PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA on TUNEL apoptosis of H9C2 cells. E Results of the statistical analysis of the caspase 3 activity in H9C2 cells after exposure to PMVs, PLGA or PMVs@PLGA. (F) Effect of PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA on ROS, total SOD activity, MDA, GPx enzyme activity and LDH cytotoxicity in H9C2 cells. G Photographs of the haemolytic assay of PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA on erythrocytes from healthy SD rats. H PMVs, PLGA and PMVs@PLGA in the haemolysis assay supernatant of healthy SD rat erythrocytes at 540 nm absorbance. ns no significance; ****P < 0.0001