Fig. 6

Exosomal miR-140-5p inhibits osteogenesis by regulating the mTOR pathway through the IGF1R/IRS1/PI3K/Akt axis. a Western blot analysis of IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of IGF1R, IRS1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in hMSCs treated with miR-140-5p-exo, miR-NC-exo, sponge-exo, or sponge-NC-exo. b Western blot analysis of IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of IGF1R, IRS1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in hMSCs treated with or without NT157 (1.6 μM), LY294002 (10 μM), or MHY1485 (20 nM) for 20 min. Osteogenesis after treated with NT157, LY294002, MK2206, or MHY1485 was confirmed by ALP staining c and Alizarin red staining d. All experiments were repeated three times. β-actin served as an internal control. *P < 0.05. All data are presented as the mean ± SD