Skip to main content

Table 1 The application of nanoparticles in ocular surface diseases

From: Immune modulating nanoparticles for the treatment of ocular diseases

Citation

NPs

Diameter

Function of NPs

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms

Animal models

[20]

Dexp@HmA

122 nm

Deliver Dexp

Enter inflammatory cells in the cornea to reduce the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α

Male Sprague‒Dawley rats with alkaline burn-induced keratitis

 

[22]

TAC NPs

106–166 nm

Deliver TAC

Inhibit T-cell activation; reduce the expression of KC, MIP-2, IL-6 and GCSF; reduce the activity of polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes

Female C57BL/6 mice with LPS-induced keratitis

 

[21]

Levofloxacin and PA-loaded PLGA NPs

154.7 ± 4.1 nm

Deliver levofloxacin and PA

Downregulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-3 and MMP-9

New Zealand albino rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus-induced keratitis

 

[23]

DXI-PLGA NPs

200 nm

Deliver DXI

/

New Zealand albino rabbits

 

[46]

DNA vaccine-CHI NPs

/

Deliver DNA vaccine

Induce a strong humoral immune response in mice with recurrent HSK, including high levels of sIgA and antibodies

BALB/c background female mice

 

[11]

MZL-SLNs

172.53 ± 1.77 nm ~ 500.07 ± 10.6 nm

Deliver MZL

Reduce eosinophils and plasma cell infiltration, reduce VEGF and TNF-α levels

Albino rabbits with histamine-induced conjunctivitis

 

[12]

Tra-NPs

40–190 nm

Deliver Tra

Inhibit the elevation of NO and TNF-α

Wistar rats with LPS-induced conjunctivitis

 

[36]

PLA-PEG NPs, PLGA NPs, PLGA-PLH-PEG NPs

/

Deliver chlamydia antigen and antibiotics

Enhance cellular and humoral immunity against chlamydia, including increased production of some cytokines and antibodies

/

 

[57]

Rapa-loaded FSI/FKBP-V48 NPs

FKBP-V48 3.6 nm, FSI 24 nm

Deliver Rapa

Reduce lymphocyte infiltration, downregulate most inflammatory genes, regulate the expression of mTOR-related genes, reduce the activity of CATS protease

NOD mice with LG dacryoadenitis

 

[51]

mADSC-Exos

134 nm

Inhibit inflammation directly

Inhibit apoptosis; reduce the production of proinflammatory

cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, IFN-γ, and TNF-α); promote the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; reverse NLRP3 inflammasome activation; upregulate caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18

C57BL/6 mice with benzalkonium-chloride-induced DED

 

[37]

D-Dex

~ 3–10 nm

Deliver Dex

Inhibit T lymphocyte infiltration, inhibit the expression of the inflammatory factors IL6, IL8, MMP9 and TNFα

New Zealand white rabbits with autoimmune lacrimal gland inflammation

Â