Table 2 Classification of copper ionophores

Elesclomol

ES

Nʹ1,Nʹ3-dimethyl-Nʹ1,Nʹ3-bis(phenylcarbonothioyl)propanedihydrazide

[115, 135]

Dithiocar-bamates (DTCs)

PDTC

pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate

[136]

DEDTC

Diethyldithiocarbamate

[137]

DSF

disulfiram

[138]

GGTDTC

DEDTC prodrug (GGTDTC) activated by c-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

[139, 140]

DPy

2,2ʹ-dithiodipyridine

[141]

Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs)

GTS

glyoxal-bis(thiosemicarbazone)

[142]

GTSM

glyoxal-bis(4-methylthiosemicarbazone)

[143]

ATSM

diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone)

[144]

DpT

di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone

[145]

Dp44mT

Di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone

[146]

DpC

di-2-pyridylketone 4-methyl-4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazone

[147]

Hydroxyquinolines

(HQs)

CQ

7-iodo- 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline

[148]

8-OHQ

8-hydroxyquinoline

[149]

AMHQ

5-aminomethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline

[150]

NQ

5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline and nitroxoline

[151]

PBT2

5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline

[152, 153]

GluHQs

β-glucoconjugates of HQs

[154]

GalHQs

galactoconjugates of HQs

[155]

Hydroxyflavones (HFs)

3-HF

3-hydroxyflavone

[156]

PHF

2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate conjugated to 3-HF

[157, 158]

PL-I

β-diketo analog of piperlongumine

[159]

Curcumin

Curc

1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione

[160]