Fig. 5

NanoS100-SwIAV induced virus-specific IFNγ⁺ T-helper/memory cells and CTLs in PBMCs of vaccinated pigs. Five-week-old SPF pigs were administered twice ID/IM with NanoS100-SwIAV, Nano11-SwIAV or control NanoS100 and challenged at post-prime vaccination day 35 with SwIAV H1N1-OH7. PBMCs isolated at DPC6 were restimulated with SwIAV H1N1-OH7 in vitro. The cells were labeled and analyzed by flow cytometry for the frequencies of IFNγ⁺ CTLs and T-helper/memory cells: A IFNγ⁺ Total T-helper/memory cells-ID [CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8α⁺CD8β⁻IFNγ⁺]; B IFNγ⁺ Central memory T-helper/memory cells-ID [CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8α⁺CD8β⁻CD27⁺IFNγ⁺]; C IFNγ⁺ Effector memory T-helper/memory cells -ID [CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8α⁺CD8β⁻CD27⁻IFNγ⁺]; D IFNγ⁺ Effector memory T-helper/memory cells-IM [CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8α⁺CD8β⁻CD27⁻IFNγ⁺]; E Total IFNγ⁺ CTLs-ID [CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8α⁺CD8β⁺IFNγ⁺]; F Total IFNγ⁺ CTLs-IM [CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8α⁺CD8β⁺IFNγ⁺]; G IFNγ⁺Late Effector CTLs-ID [CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8α⁺CD8β⁺CD27⁻IFNγ⁺]; and H IFNγ⁺ Late effector CTLs-IM [CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8α⁺CD8β⁺CD27⁻IFNγ⁺]. Data represent the mean value of 7–8 pigs ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. For head-to-head comparison between two groups, Unpaired t-test was used. Asterisk/Pound represents significant difference between indicated groups (*/♯ p < 0.05, **/♯♯ p< 0.01, and ***/♯♯♯ p < 0.001)