Fig. 8

Abscopal effect and in situ tumor vaccine effects. a PPIAO NPs combined with 808 nm Laser and ultrasound treatment inhibited distant tumor growth in vivo. b Body weight of mice in each group (n = 6). c, d Primary tumor volume and distance tumor volume of mice (n = 6). e Immunofluorescence of CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in primary tumors and metastases of mice. Scale bar 100 μm. f ID8 tumor cell viability cocultured with spleen lymphocytes (n = 11). g Detection of IFN-γ secretion in spleen lymphocytes of mice by ELISA (n = 5). h Female C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with differently treated ID8 tumor spheroids. Tumor rate in each group after ID8 cell rechallenge (n = 5). i, j Detection of CD3⁺/CD8⁺/CD44⁺ T memory lymphocyte abundance in the spleen of vaccine mice by FCM