Fig. 2

Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles. a Hydrodynamic size curves of TPN at pH = 7.4 and pH = 6.4. b TEM images of TPN, PM (platelet membrane) and PTPN. Scale bar indicates 50 nm. c Confocal fluorescence images of FITC-labeled TPN (green), DiI-labeled PM (red) and membrane-coated PTPN after physical mixture (up) or extrusion (below). Scale bar = 10 μm. Mean zeta-potential (d) and hydrodynamic sizes (e) of TPN, PM and PTPN at pH 7.4 and 6.4 (n = 3). f Stability of PTPN in PBS and DMEM containing 10% FBS for 72 h (n = 3). g Protein profiles of PM, TPN and PTPN in SDS gel with silver staining. h Western blot analysis of CD34, CD61 and CD42b in PM, TPN and PTPN, respectively. i Release curves of tPA from PTPN in PBS at pH = 6.4 or pH = 7.4 (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was via one-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 8.0; ns: not significant; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001