Fig. 3

Cell viability and binding capacity of PTPN. a–c Cell viability of HUVECs treated with PTPN or TPN at different concentrations (a, b; n = 4; 6 h), or at different incubation time (c; 500 ng/mL; n = 3). d–f Binding capacity of FITC–TPN, DiI-PM and merged-PTPN to HUVECs detected by a confocal microscopy (d), and by flow cytometry under normoxia condition (n = 3), displaying representative dot plots (e) and histograms of FTIC MFI (f). g In vivo targeting ability of FITC–TPN and merged-PTPN to carotid artery thrombosis at different time points by detecting FITC signal using IVIS. The red arrow represents the location of the thrombus. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was via one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction with GraphPad Prism 8.0; ns: not significant; *p < 0.05; and ***p < 0.001