Table 1 Summary of synthesis and applications of biomimetic nanomaterials, especially in biomedicine

DNA

DNA-Micellar nanoparticles

Molecule–molecule interactions

Treating eye infections

[54]

Ca²⁺/(Alg/PEI/DNA) nanoparticles

Molecule–molecule interactions

Gene therapy for cancer

[57]

DNA nanoparticles

Molecule–molecule/material recognition

Drug-resistance

[58]

DNA nanoparticles

Molecule–molecule/material recognition

Tumor-targeted delivery

[59]

DNA Nanofiber

Molecule-mediated nucleation and growth

–

[60]

DNA Nanofiber

Molecule–molecule interactions

Traceable gene delivery

[61]

DNA-Linked Nanoparticle Films

Molecule-mediated nucleation and growth

Traceable gene delivery

[62]

Au NP-embedded SDNA thin films

Drop-casting method

UV photodetectors

[65]

DNA-derived carbon dots

Hydrothermal synthesis

Electrochemical sensing

[67]

RNA

RNA triangular nano-scaffolds

Molecule–molecule interactions

Treating myocardial infarction

[71]

RNA nanoparticles

Molecule–molecule/material recognition

–

[72]

Peptide

Exosome/PGN hydrogel

Molecule–molecule interactions

Treating myocardial infarction

[84]

Nano micelles

Molecule–molecule interactions

Targeting drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment

[86]

Protein

CUR/PTX@RSF/zein nanospheres

Molecule-mediated nucleation and growth

Cancer treatment

[87]

rGO/BSA-AuNC platform

Biomolecule-medicated oxidization/reduction process

Detection of activity and concentration of trypsin

[89]

PDA

PDA-PSB co-deposition surface coating

co-deposition

Anti-fouling coating of neural probes

[91]

PDA-Pt nanocomposite

Biomolecule-medicated oxidization/reduction process

Catalysis

[95]

Enzyme

FePorMOF/Gox CL system

FeP/ C nanosheets

Chemiluminescence

[97]

silica@CAT/ZIF-8 nanocomposites

–

Biocatalyst

[98]

TaOx@CAT NPs

A one-pot method

Radiotherapy

[99]