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Table 2 Summary of biomolecule-mimetic nanomaterials for PTT and PDT applications

From: Biomolecule-mimetic nanomaterials for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancers: Bridging nanobiotechnology and biomedicine

Biomolecule

Nanomaterials

method

Advantage

Type of cancer cell

 

Peptide

AuNPs

PTT

Enhances the PTT efficiency of gold nanoparticles for furin-related cancer

MDA-MB-468 cell

[106]

pH-sensitively zwitterionic polypeptide conjugated GNRs

PTT

Excellent biocompatibility against normal and cell pH-sensitively released the drugs under tumoral acid condition

HeLa cells

[107]

cRGD@TAT-DINPs

CT/PTT/PDT

Excellent biological stability, combining multiple treatment methods

MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell

[131]

CD133-Pyro

PDT

More effective targeted and intraocyric accumulation effects

Colorectal cancer cells

[132]

IR780-M-APP NPs

PDT/immunotherapy

Targeted tumors and eradicated the metastatic and invasive tumors effectively

B16F10 cell

[134]

Protein

E72-Chitosan-Ag3AuS2 hybrid hydrogel

PTT

High biocompatibility and photothermal conversion efficiency

Tongue cancer cell

[109]

BSA-Ag2S NPs

PTT

Biocompatibility

HeLa cells

[110]

Tf-RuNPs

PTT

Biocompatibility and stability

HEK-293 cell

[111]

Ce6/Cyt c @ZIF-8/HA NPs

PDT

Overcomes the PDT induced hypoxia to further increase PDT efficiency

HeLa cell and SMMC7721 cell

[135]

Bioinspired oxygen nanocarrier (C@HPOC)

PDT

Destroyed the primary tumors and effectively inhibited distant tumors and lung metastasis

4T1 tumor cells

[136]

FA/PtBSA@MB-MSNS nanopolymers

PDT

Overcomes the PDT induced hypoxia to further increase PDT efficiency

4T1 tumor cells

[137]

PDA

PhMOSN@DOX-HA

PTT/CL

Biocompatible and biodegradable

4T1 tumor cell

[114]

MoSe2@PDA nanocomposites

PTT/CL

High loading efficiency and pH-responsive Dox release effect

U14 cell

[115]

PDA@DOX NPs

PTT/CL

Targeted and high drug load

4 T1 tumor cell

[116]

PDA-Dox-Pc-QRH NPs

PDT/CT

Chemical photodynamic combined targeted therapy

A431 cell

[138]

MnO2-PDA nanoshell

PDT/CT

Has the effect of alleviating tumor hypoxia and enhancing the PDT effect

B16F10 cell

[139]

RNA

CuS-RNP/DOX@PEI

PTT/GT/ CT

Provides a potential strategy to reduce tumor thermal tolerance for enhanced mild-PTT effects

A375 cell

[119]

PPTC/siRNA

PDT

ROS-responsive siRNA release mode, PDT combined with RNAi to improve the therapeutic efficiency

HepG2 cells

[144]

DNA

DNA-UCNP-Au hydrogels

PTT

Low cytotoxicity and injectable properties allow local therapy to precisely target the tumor site

T24 bladder cancer cell

[121]

UCNP-ApDz-TMPyP4 Nanoplatform

PTT

Combining PDT with gene therapy shows excellent antitumor effect

Catalysis

[141]

DNA Nanosponge

PDT/GT

Effective against hypoxia-related photodynamic resistance during PDT in vivo with good biocompatibility

HeLa cells

[142]

Enzyme

GOIGLs (GOx)

PTT

Achieves milder PTT with good biocompatibility

A549 cell

[124]

PMF−GOx

PTT/CDT

Fenton reaction and moderatehyperthermia cancer treatment together

MCF-7 tumor cell

[125]

NC@GOx NPs

PTT/CDT

Combination therapy of starvation therapy, PTT and CDT for tumors

4T1 tumor cell

[126]

MYR@HGNs (MYR)

PTT

Protect and activate the encapsulated enzymes for localized chemo-photothermal therapy

4T1 tumor cell

[127]

HA-CAT@aCe6 (CAT))

PDT

Overcome tumor cell hypoxia during PDT and improve the therapeutic effect of PDT

MDA-MB-231 cell

[146]

GOx-MSN@MnPc-LP

PDT

Good enzyme activity, and good therapeutic effect and safety through the synergistic treatment

4T1 tumor cell

[147]

nanogel

PDT

Provide a new method for constructing combinatorial therapeutics with good tumor targeting ability and efficient anti-cancer effect

4T1 tumor cell

[148]