Fig. 4

A Schematic illustration of the LDT-CHA strategy. B DPV responses and C corresponding calibration curve of target miRNA with the concentration from 100 aM to 10 pM (a: 10 pM; b: 1 pM; c: 0.1 pM; d: 0.01 pM; e: 0.001 pM; f: 0.0001 pM) using LDT-CHA. D Schematic illustration of the DT-CHA strategy. E DPV responses (F) and corresponding calibration curve (F) of target miRNA with the concentration from 1 fM to 10 nM (a: 10 nM; b: 1 nM; c: 100 pM; d: 10 pM; e: 1 pM) using DT-CHA. G DPV results respond to target miRNA and five interferences. H Heat map analysis of the orthogonal identification of four sEV-miRNAs. I Stability of the LDT-CHA. The error bars are the standard deviations by three repetitive assays (n = 3)