From: Nanomaterials meet surface-enhanced Raman scattering towards enhanced clinical diagnosis: a review
Target analyte/cell | Interaction mode | Peaks (cm−1) | Sensitivity | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ag NPs | ||||
Staphylococcus aureus | Aptamer as capture elements | 735, 1337, 1458 | 1.5 CFU mL−1 | [88] |
Prostatic cancer (DNA/RNA) biomarkers | Electrostatic interaction | 560, 742, 788, 913, 1035, 1180, 1247, 1334, 1457, 1539, 1632 | 100 copies of input RNA | [89] |
Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacillus cereus | In-situ coating | 731, 1031, 1326, 1463 | 102 CFU mL−1 | [90] |
Prostate cancer (RNA) biomarkers | Electrostatic interaction | 742 | 100 synthetic RNA copies | [91] |
AuNPs | ||||
Colorectal cancer biomarkers | – | 724, 1263, 1574 | Above 90% | [92] |
Au nanostars | ||||
Protein Kinase A activity for cancer screening | – | 725, 1395 | – | [93] |
Au/Ag bimetallic NPs | ||||
Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis | – | 656, 730, 958, 1082, 1324, 1581 | – | [94] |
Core–shell Au@Ag NPs | ||||
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus | Interaction between negative (bacteria) and positive (PEI) | 655, 729, 958, 1328, 1583 (E. coli) 733 | 103 CFU mL−1 | [95] |
Exosomes as cancer biomarkers | Electrostatic attachment and in situ formation | 668, 707, 786, 1179, 1490, 1563 (B16F10) 645, 1000, 1211, 1326, 1381, 1563, 1592 (RBC) (RBD) | > 90% | [96] |