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Table 1 Plasmonic colloid metal as SERS substrate for direct sensing of cancer, pathogens, and related biomarkers

From: Nanomaterials meet surface-enhanced Raman scattering towards enhanced clinical diagnosis: a review

Target analyte/cell

Interaction mode

Peaks (cm−1)

Sensitivity

Refs.

Ag NPs

Staphylococcus aureus

Aptamer as capture elements

735, 1337, 1458

1.5 CFU mL−1

[88]

Prostatic cancer (DNA/RNA) biomarkers

Electrostatic interaction

560, 742, 788, 913, 1035, 1180, 1247, 1334, 1457, 1539, 1632

100 copies of input RNA

[89]

Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bacillus cereus

In-situ coating

731, 1031, 1326, 1463

102

CFU mL−1

[90]

Prostate cancer (RNA) biomarkers

Electrostatic interaction

742

100 synthetic RNA copies

[91]

AuNPs

Colorectal cancer biomarkers

724, 1263, 1574

Above 90%

[92]

Au nanostars

Protein Kinase A activity for cancer screening

725, 1395

[93]

Au/Ag bimetallic NPs

Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis

656, 730, 958, 1082, 1324, 1581

[94]

Core–shell Au@Ag NPs

    

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Interaction between negative (bacteria) and positive (PEI)

655, 729, 958, 1328, 1583 (E. coli)

733

103

CFU mL−1

[95]

Exosomes as cancer biomarkers

Electrostatic attachment and in situ formation

668, 707, 786, 1179, 1490, 1563 (B16F10)

645, 1000, 1211, 1326, 1381, 1563, 1592 (RBC) (RBD)

 > 90%

[96]