Table 3 3D ordered nanomaterials as SERS substrates for direct sensing of cancer, pathogens, and related biomarkers

AgNPs arrays

Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli

Vancomycin as capture element

[139]

Ag nanoring cavities

DNA base (adenine)

Direct contact

[140]

Au octupolar metastructures

Brucella

Phage as capture elements

[141]

Silver nanorod (AgNR) array on PDMS substrate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Direct contact

[142]

AgNPs on a mesoporous silicon substrate

Escherichia Coli Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Direct contact

[143]

Ag film substrate

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)

Direct contact

[144]

Highly branched AuNPs on a silicon wafer

Carcinoma cancer cells

Direct contact

[35]

Ag nanorod array

Respiratory viruses (RSV) strains A2, A/Long, and B1

Direct contact

[145]

Ag-Cr coated nanovoid structure

Cytochrome C

Direct contact

[146]

Au grating

DNA (discriminated DNA-DNA interaction)

Complementary between single oligonucleotide

[147]

Ag-coated nanowire arrays

Bacillus anthracis spores

Direct contact

[148]

Multilayered metal–insulator-

metal nanostructures

Breast cancer

Grown on the substrate directly

[149]

Au ordered superlattices

Kynurenine, tryptophan, and purine derivatives

Direct contact

[150]