Fig. 4

In vivo delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery using nanodiamond. A Functionalized nanodiamond can be covalently bound with mCherry protein and linear plasmid DNA encoding the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing machinery. After mixing with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at defined conditions, functionalized nanodiamond can promote the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 machinery in vitro or in vivo to cause precise gene editing. B Fluorescence microscopy showing the GFP and mCherry signals in the retinal sections from carboxylated nanodiamond-mCherry- CRISPR-Cas9-treated mouse retina. C ddPCR analysis of RS1 c.625 C > T copy number and D optical coherence tomography visualization of the mouse retina treated with control (Cas9 only) or carboxylated nanodiamond-mCherry-CRISPR-Cas9 NPs (Cas9 + sgRNA). E H&E staining of the retinal sections treated with control (Cas9 only) or carboxylated nanodiamond-mCherry-CRISPR-Cas9 NPs (Cas9 + sgRNA). Visualization methods (D and E) show the reduction and structural perturbation of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment layer affected in retinoschisis. Data reproduced from our previous study [239]