Fig. 2

Cisplatin induced-nephrotoxicity signaling pathways upon entering a renal Proximal tubular epithelial cell versus the ameliorative effects of metallic nanoparticles. Each green circle is a representative of a nanoparticles' group that may have a positive or Ameliorative effect on the selected signaling element. (1) Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), Tea polyphenol-functionalized Selenium NPs (Se@TE), A. officinarum-silver NPs (AG-AO; (2) CONPs, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide-conjugated gold NPs (NA2-AuNPs), AG-AO; (3) Se@TE; (4) Se@TE, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) surface-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (Se@Trolox), AG-AO; (5) Se@SiO2 nanocomposites; (6) NA2-AuNPs, AG-AO; (7) CONPs, NA2-AuNPs, SeNPs, Se@SiO2 nanocomposites, AG-AO; (8) AG-AO; (9) cisplatin-loaded green silver nanoparticles (CP-AgNPs), SeNPs, Se@TE, AG-AO; (10) CP-AgNPs; (11) CP-AgNPs, Se@TE, AG-AO; (12) Se@TE, AG-AO; (13) CP-AgNPs. Organic cation transporters 2 (OCT2); Copper transporter receptor 1 (CTR1); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf-2); MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase); Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κβ); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1); poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1); Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF); Activates apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF); Bcl-2 associated X-protein (BAX); B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2); Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP); Cytochrome complex (cyt.c); Interleukin (IL); Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)