Fig. 3

A Cell images of various groups after irradiation from LED light (670 nm, 3 J cm⁻²). Scale bars: 20 µm. B, C Relative mRNA expression levels of Gsdmd, Caspase-1, Nlrp3 and Asc in various groups after irradiation from LED light (670 nm, 3 J cm⁻²) (B) and in the dark (C). Data are expressed as means ± s.d. (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. D Cell images of various groups in the dark. Scale bars: 20 µm. E Protein expression of GSDMD-N, Cleaved-Caspase-1 in different groups after irradiation from LED light (670 nm, 3 J cm⁻²). F, G CLSM images displaying the CRT (green fluorescence) and HMGB1 (red fluorescence) expression in TC-1 cells after incubation with LDH@ZnPc and subsequent light irradiation from LED light (670 nm, 3 J cm⁻²). The cell nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue fluorescence). Scale bars: 50 µm