Fig. 2

Immune system disease association with IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs. A IFN-γ-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in iMSCs. CPM means count per million of transcripts. B Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of IFN-γ-induced up-regulated genes with hallmark collection. Red spots highlight the representative enriched functions of DEGs. C GSEA of IFN-γ-induced up-regulated genes with the immunologic signature gene collection. Gene ratio means the number of genes overlapping with the total number of genes in a gene set. D Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs. Red circles indicate up-regulated EV proteins, green indicates down-regulated EV proteins, gray indicates non-differentially expressed EV proteins, and black indicates canonical EV markers. E GSEA of IFN-γ-induced up-regulated EV proteins with the hallmark collection. Red spots highlight the representative enriched functions of DEPs. F GSEA of IFN-γ-induced up-regulated EV proteins with the immunologic signature gene collection. G Comparison between the enriched functions of IFN-γ-induced DEGs and EV DEPs. Blue bars indicate the enriched functions of DEGs and red bars indicate DEPs. H Clustering coefficient with the IFN-γ-induced EV DEPs and immune system disease gene set. The horizontal axis indicates the local clustering coefficient and vertical axis indicates the representative immune system diseases associated with DEPs of IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs over iMSC-EVs. I Core protein–protein interaction network constructed with the atopic dermatitis gene set and DEPs of IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs over iMSC-EVs. Green arrows indicate transcriptional activation and gray unspecified effects