Table 1 Characteristics of included animal studies
Study | Materials type | Components of materials | Used Cells/GF | Type of BP | NIRa | Country | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li et al. 2021 [35] | Scaffolds | Three-dimensional BP@HA nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds | BMSC | BPNPs | Y | China, US | Self-supply Ca2+ Facilitating bone regeneration and new bone formation |
Xu et al. 2022 [36] | Hydrogel | Incorporated BP@Mg nanosheets into GelMA hydrogel | No | BPNPs | N | China | Release bioactive ions facilitated angiogenesis facilitate neuro-vascularized bone regeneration bone regeneration and remodeling |
Miao et al. 2022 [37] | Scaffold | BPNPs-enabled DNA hydrogel integrating 3D-printed PCL scaffold | No | BPNPs | N | China | Promote the growth of mature blood vessels induce osteogenesis to promote new bone formation |
Li et al. 2022 [38] | Scaffold | BMP-2 microspheres coated BPNPs@PLGA scaffold | BMP-2 | BPNPs | Y | China | Accelerate bone regeneration against bacteria |
Wang et al. 2018 [39] | Microsphere | Incorporating SrCl2 and BPNPs into PLGA | No | BPNPs | Y | China | Excellent bone regeneration capacity Good tissue compatibility |
Tong et al. 2019 [40] | Membrane | Composed of BPNPs and PLGA | No | BPNPs | Y | China | Good biodegradability and osteogenic performances |
Hu et al. 2022 [41] | Scaffold | DW/RSF hydrogel scaffold integrated with BPQDs encapsulated by PLGA | No | BPQDs | N | China, Australia | Promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and enhanced osteogenesis inhibit osteoclast differentiation against metastatic tumor bone regeneration |
Qing et al. 2022 [42] | Hydrogel | PVA/CS-MgO-BPNS hydrogel | No | BPNPs | N | China | Released phosphate to promote osteogenic differentiation activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathways promote endogenous bone tissue regeneration |
Wang et al. 2019a [43] | Hydrogel | PAM/ ChiMA/ BP, PAM/AlgMA/BP | No | BPNPs | N | China | Intrinsic properties for induced CaP crystal particle formation improve the mineralization |
Wang et al. 2020 [44] | Scaffold | PLGA/ β-TCP, BPNPs, low-dose DOX and high-dose osteogenic peptide | Osteogenic peptide | BPNPs | N | China | Bone regeneration and reduced the long-term toxicity phenomenon of released DOX |
Wang et al. 2019b [45] | Microsphere | Extracellular vesicles embedded with BP/PLGA | Osteoblast Extracellular vesicles | BPQDs | Y | China | Outstanding bone regeneration performance upregulated expression of heat shock proteins and alkaline phosphatase facilitate cell biomineralization |
Wu et al. 2021 [46] | Scaffold | ZnL2-BPs are integrated into the surface of HA-PLGA scaffold | No | BPNPs | Y | China | Gradual release of Zn2+ and PO43− facilitates osteogenesis in the subsequent stage of bone healing |
Yang et al. 2018 [47] | Scaffold | Integrating BPNPs into 3D printed BG scaffold | No | BPNPs | N | China | Ablation of osteosarcoma guided bone regeneration |
Liu et al. 2022 [48] | Scaffold | GO and BP two-dimensional heteronano-layers | No | BPNPs | N | US | Proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells support of osteogenesis of MSCs, neovascularization, and bone regeneration |
Miao et al. 2019 [49] | Hydrogel | GelMA decorated BPNPs | No | BPNPs | N | China | Promote mineralization and bone regeneration good biocompatibility antibacterial features promote osteogenesis |
Chen et al. 2020 [50] | Scaffold | BP@BMP-2 to a PLLA electrospun fibrous scaffold | BMP-2 | BPNPs | N | China | Bone regeneration good biocompatibility and osteogenesis ability accelerate biomineralization |
Tan et al. 2022 [51] | Hydrogel | MSC membrane-coated BPNPs -incorporated chitosan/collagen hydrogel | Mesenchymal stem cells membrane | BPNPs | Y | China | Activating the HSPs-mediated MMP and ERK-Wnt/β-catenin-RUNX2 axis release phosphate ions osteoblast migration and osteogenic differentiation enhanced the local bone density and promoted new bone formation |
Wang et al. 2021 [52] | Scaffold | BP incorporated fibrous scaffold | No | BPNPs | Y | China | Promotes the pre-vascularization biomineralization cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation accelerate the healing process of bone defects |