From: Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis targeting fetal nucleated red blood cells
Methods | Sorting technology | Release | Efficiency /Count | Advantages | Disadvantages | Analysis method | Diagnostic outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical chips | A microfiltration chip containing | Filtration | 1.2/mL | Simple and low cost | Low purity | — | — | [83] |
micropores of different widths | Â | Â | Â | Low vitality | Â | Â | Â | |
A cross-flow filtration chip | Filtration | Capture: ~ 74.0% | Simple and low cost | Low purity | — | — | [85] | |
 |  |  |  | Low vitality |  |  |  | |
A DLD chip with magnetic | Filtration; | 37.44/mL | High throughput; | Chip clogging | PCR | Gender | [91] | |
columns | Magnetic Fields | Â | High purity | Â | Â | Identification | Â | |
A two-step cascade DLD chip | Filtration | 1–396/mL | High purity | Reduce cell yield | PCR | Gender | [82] | |
with RBC-positive enrichment | Magnetic Fields | Purity: ~ 87.8% |  |  |  | Identification |  | |
A DEP chip containing | Electric Fields | — | Automation; | Long sorting times; | — | — | [92] | |
electrodes, sensors, | Â | Â | Single-cell sorting | Low efficiency; | Â | Â | Â | |
and microchambers | Â | Â | Â | Electrode contamination | Â | Â | Â | |
A BAW-based acoustic chip | Sound waves | Capture: ~ 40.64% | High biocompatibility; | High requirements; | PCR | — | [130] | |
 |  |  | Mildness | Complex operation |  |  |  | |
A droplet microfluidic chip with | Valves | Vitality: ~ 99% | High viability; | Not easily release cells; | FISH | — | [144] | |
calcium alginate hydrogel | Â | Â | On-chip analysis; | Target cell loss | Â | Â | Â | |
particles | Â | Â | Single-cell analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Immunoaffinity chips | A hydroxyapatite/chitosan chip | In-situ | 1420–3221/mL | Biocompatible; | Not release cells; | FISH | T13/T21 | [150] |
modified with anti-CD147 | Â | Â | High throughput | Non-specific cells adhesion | Â | Â | Â | |
A triangular micropillar chip | In-situ | Capture: > 90% | High capture rate | Not release cells | FISH/qPCR | — | [151] | |
with CD71 antibody-labeled |  | 5–35/2 mL |  |  |  |  |  | |
A fishbone microfluidic chip | MMP-9 | Capture: > 80% | Easily release cells; | Complex production; | FISH | T21/T13 | [152] | |
with gelatin and anti-CD147 |  | Release: ~ 89% | High throughput; | Target cell loss |  | XXY/XXX |  | |
 |  | Purity: ~ 85% | High capture rate; |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | Vitality: > 90% | High purity |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | 3–24/mL |  |  |  |  |  | |
A two-stage integrated-decision | In-situ | Release: > 85% | Single-cell analysis; | Not release cells; | FISH | — | [153] | |
grading platform | Â | Â | High throughput; | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 |  |  | High recovery rate |  |  |  |  | |
Static nano-substrates | A polypyrrole nanoparticles | Voltage | Release: ~ 94.6% | Biocompatible; | Affect cell vitality; | FISH/WES | T21/T13 | [30] |
the film with biotin and anti-CD147 |  | 22–58/mL | Easily release cells | Non-specific cells adhesion |  | /T18/XXY |  | |
 |  |  |  |  |  | /Microdeletion |  | |
Chitosan nano-substrate with | DTT | Capture: ~ 90% | Damage-free release; | Non-specific cells adhesion | FISH | — | [154] | |
NHS-(S–S)-Biotin and |  | Release: ~ 90% | High recovery |  |  |  |  | |
anti-CD147 |  | Vitality: > 91.2% |  |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | 7–26/mL |  |  |  |  |  | |
A "Cell Reveal™" platform | In-situ | 14–22/4 mL | Automated system; | High demanding; | FISH/STR | T21/T13/T18 | [39] | |
 |  |  | Easy to operate; | Non-specific cells adhesion | NGS/aCGH |  |  | |
 |  |  | On-chip analysis |  |  |  |  | |
A coral-like in silico platform | In-situ | Capture: 88.1% | Automated system; | High demanding | FISH/STR | T21/T18 | [173] | |
 |  | Release: 90% | High capture rate; |  | NGS/aCGH | /microdeletion |  | |
 |  | 2–71/2 mL | Easy and low cost; |  |  |  |  | |
 |  |  | On-chip analysis |  |  |  |  | |
Dynamic Nano-substrates | SiO2 microbeads modified with | Magnets | 42–93/mL | Easy and low cost; | Not easily release cells; | FISH/PCR | ABO blood grouping | [28] |
SA and anti-CD147 | Â | Â | High throughput | Low recovery rate | Â | Â | Â | |
Size-scaled silica spheres with | MMP-9 | Capture: 81% | Enlarged the size; | Microbeads easily cluster | FISH/PCR | — | [14] | |
gelatin coating and anti-CD147 | Â | Release: 80% | A harmless release; | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 |  | Purity: 83% | High recovery |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | 7–65/mL |  |  |  |  |  | |
SiO2@MnO2 microbeads with | Oxalic acid | Capture: ~ 80% | Easy and low cost; | Microbeads easily cluster; | FISH/STR | — | [38] | |
anti-CD147 |  | 6–32/mL | Biocompatible | Not easily release cells |  |  |  | |
Magnetic nanoparticle coated | Magnets | Capture: 90% | Against WBC adhesion; | Not easily release cells | FISH | T21/T18/XXX/ | [170] | |
with a mixed membrane of |  | Release: > 80% | High capture; |  |  | XXY/XYY |  | |
leukocytes and erythrocytes |  | Vitality: > 80% | High purity |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | Purity:87% |  |  |  |  |  | |
 |  | 10–30/mL |  |  |  |  |  |