Fig. 5
Cytokines secretion profiles of human monocytes/macrophages cultured on polished Ti surface (P) and TiO2 nanotubular surfaces (NT5 and NT20) in SMG (Cytochalasin D 200 ng/ml) for up to 12 days: a TNF-α, b IFN-γ, c IL-1β, d IL-6, e IL-10, f IL-12p70, g IL-23, h CXCL-10, i TGF-β. \(\frac{*}{*\#}\) = \(\frac{\mathrm{NT}5\mathrm{ vs P}}{\mathrm{NT}20\mathrm{ vs P}\&\mathrm{NT}5}\), p < 0.01. (n = 4, repeated thrice, analyzed using ANOVA)