From: Roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal homeostasis and their therapeutic potential
CEV origin | CEV cargos | Involved pathway | Administration methods | Functional effects | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDLSC | miR-590-3p | miR-590-3p/TLR4 | Local injection | Inhibit macrophage pyroptosis | [113] |
DPSC | miR-1246 | NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK | Chitosan hydrogel | Promote anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype | [114] |
TNF-α treated GMSC | CD73, miR-1260b | miR-1260b/Wnt5a/RANKL, JNK | Local injection | Promote macrophages toward M2 polarization, inhibit osteoclastogenesis | [116] |
MSC | CD73 | AKT, ERK | Collagen sponge | Promote PDL cell migration and proliferation | [118] |
SCAP | Cdc42 | – | Local injection | Promote angiogenesis | [119] |
SHED | Wnt3a, BMP2 | AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad | β-TCP, Local injection | Promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis, repress inflammatory cytokines expression | [110] [120] [121] |
PDLSC | Wnt | – | β-TCP, Matrigel | Promote osteogenesis | [123] |
LPS-Preconditioned DFC | Wnt3a, BMP2 | RANKL/ OPG | Gelatin/laponite hydrogel | Promote PDLC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, inhibit osteoclast formation | [127] |