Fig. 2
The cascade reactions of THGP. a Schematic representation of unlocking the cascade of the reactions of US. b TEM images of THGP after LIFU irradiation (inset: the nanoparticle size distributions of THGP after LIFU irradiation). c H2O2 generation in various groups (inset: H2O2 and titanium sulfate form a yellow titanium peroxide complex). d Changes in pH induced by different GOD concentrations (0, 15, 31, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mM) (n = 3). e1 The Michaelis–Menten curve, e2 the Lineweaver Burk fitting of GOD and THGP with LIFU irradiation for 300 s and e3 the corresponding Vmax. f ESR spectra for THGP with or without LIFU irradiation. g SOSG probe signal (Ex/Em = 488/525 nm) showing 1O2 generation at different THGP concentrations with LIFU irradiation (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg mL−1). h 1O2 generation by THGP detected using an SOSG probe after US irradiation for various times (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 s). i O2 concentration when THGP or PBS was treated with LIFU for various times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min) (inset: the corresponding optical images were observed under a light microscope at 1 and 3 min)