Scheme 1
a Construction of the tumorspecific visualization nanoplatform (THGP): liposomes are loaded with a fluorocarbon (PFP), gadolinium-labeled hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (H(Gd)) and glucose oxidase (GOD), and the tLyP-1 peptide is grafted onto the liposome shell. b Capabilities of the nanoplatform for synergistic cascade therapy: deep penetration of the tumor, PA/MR/US imaging, O2 supply, starvation therapy and SDT