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Fig. 5 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 5

From: Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

Fig. 5

The effect of exosomes on the regulation of the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2 during tendon-bone healing. a An Increase in the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages after a mouse tendon-bone injury (Flow cytometric analysis). Reproduced with permission [122]. b At all time points, the width of the fibrous tissue interface was significantly reduced following macrophage depletion (H&E staining). Reproduced with permission [112]. c Classification of macrophages by their inducing stimulus. Reproduced with permission [118]. d Brief summary of tendon-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rats. CM indicates conditioned medium. Reproduced with permission [32]. e The BMSC-Exos polarized macrophages from the M1 phenotype into M2 (DAPI and CD163 staining). Reproduced with permission [91]. f The mouse tendon-bone reconstruction model and surgical procedure. BMSC-Exos induce M2 macrophage polarization during tendon-bone healing (DAPI, Arg1, and iNOS staining). Reproduced with permission [105]

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