Fig. 3

Augmented frequency of tumor-associated macrophage in responders to anti-PD1 treatment. a Percentage of CD45⁺ and CD45⁻ cells in non-responder and responder tumors at day 15 after anti-PD1 treatment (non-responders, n = 6; responders, n = 5). b The frequency of major immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment was measured by flow cytometry (non-responders, n = 6; responders, n = 5). c Relative mRNA expression of Ccl2 and Ccl5 in tumors of non-responders and responders (n = 3/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed Student’s t-test, and ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was performed for multiple comparisons. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments performed. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001