Fig. 4
From: Advances in transport and toxicity of nanoparticles in plants
Effects of NPs exposure on plants. a Exposure of Fe NPs promoted the growth of pepper seedlings [78]; b Plastic NPs exposure inhibited the root elongation of wheat seedlings [81]; (c) Exposure of Al2O3 destroyed the plasma membrane structure of soybean roots (PM plasma membrane, CW cell wall, ML middle lamella, GC Golgi complex, M mitochondria) [82]; (d) The internalization of Ag NPs increased the level of ROS in Vicia faba leaves [83]; (e) Ag NPs induced chromosome aberration in wheat root tip cells [84]; f, Plastic NPs exposure stimulated the transcriptomics response of rice [57]