Fig. 2From: A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocelluloseAdapted from Shatkin et al. [70], with permission of The Royal Society of ChemistryLife cycle of nanocellulose based composite materials where 5 different stages can be identified: production of raw materials or isolation (Stage 1), manufacture (Stage 2), transportation (Stage 3), consumer use (Stage 4) and disposal (Stage 5).Back to article page