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Table 2 Results of permeation (Q24) and retention (Qret) studies of aqueous suspensions and semisolid preparations containing 3 mg/mL of PMA-IONs

From: Impact of semi-solid formulations on skin penetration of iron oxide nanoparticles

Formulation

Qret

Q24

Qret/Q24,HE

A (μg/cm2)

N

A (μg/cm2)

N

Water suspension

2.91 ± 1.04

1.98 ± 0.70

4.35 ± 0.74

2.30 ± 0.14

0.67

HEC hydrogel

1.73 ± 0.34

1.18 ± 0.23

3.48 ± 0.30

1.84 ± 0.16

0.50

CP hydrogel

4.70 ± 0.25

3.19 ± 0.17

7.22 ± 2.40

3.83 ± 1.27

0.65

Cet cream

1.98 ± 0.57

1.34 ± 0.39

10.51 ± 2.46

5.57 ± 1.30

0.19

Cold cream

5.30 ± 0.74

3.60 ± 0.50

8.05 ± 4.50

4.26 ± 2.39

0.66

Blank

1.47 ± 0.08

1.00 ± 0.05

1.89 ± 0.26

1.00 ± 0.14

  1. The data were reported as absolute values (A) or as normalize values with respect to blank (N) (mean ± SD; n = 3)
  2. HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose, CMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CP carbomer 974P, Cet cetomacrogol