Fig. 6

Schematic diagram describing the use of 3D scaffolds comprised of radially or vertically aligned NFs together with BMSCs for the treatment of DWs along with their potential mechanisms. A Illustration of radially aligned NFs applied for healing stage 0 and stage 1 DFU, with the potential mechanisms comprising improving angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, ECM deposition, and re-epithelialization (C). B Illustration of vertically aligned NFs applied for healing stage 3 and stage 4 DFU, with the potential mechanisms comprising improving promoting granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and ECM deposition (D). Reproduced with the permission from Ref. [129]