Table 2 NFs mediated GFs and genes delivery systems intended for diabetic complications

HMPA

–^a

10−20

Male Sprague−Dawley rats

Increase wound recovery, formation, and blood vessel density

[91]

HBPA

VEGF and FGF-2

–

–

Transplant recipients achieved normoglycemia at a higher rate (78%) than control animals

[92]

Peptide/heparin hybrid

HGF

–

Rat insulinoma β-cell line INS-1/adult male rats

HGF-loaded KLD2R/Hep gel improve β-cell survival and insulin secretion

[93]

PCL

GO and VEGF

10,000

HUVECs

Increase expression of the eNOS gene in the VEGF signaling pathway

[93]

PCL-PEG block copolymers

DNA

–

NIH3T3 cells/mice

More effective than naked DNA in terms of in vivo transfection

[94]

PCL–PEG block copolymer

Small interfering RNA

–

Dermal fibroblasts/female C57BL/6 mice

The delivery system increased the MMP-2 gene-silencing and neo-collagen accumulation at the wound sites

[94]

PCL–PEG diblock copolymer

hEGF

–

HDFs/female C57BL/6 mice

High hEGF expression level, significantly accelerated wound recovery rates at diabetic ulcer site

[95]

PCL and PEG

bFGF and EGF

–

HDF cells/female C57BL/7 mice

Release system increases tissue recovery

[96]

PCL/PEG/PCL triblock copolymer

hEGF

–

Human primary keratinocytes/female C57BL/6 mice

The NFs improved

in vivo wound healing

[97]

PLGA

Vancomycin, gentamicin, and PDGF

371 ± 162 to 655 ± 206

Human fibroblasts/Sprague–Dawley rats

The NFs increased amount of angiogenesis marker (CD31) and accelerated healing in the early stage

[98]

PLAGA

FTY720

–

C57b16/j male mice

The significantly increased the length density of vessels in the moderately diabetic mice

[25]

PLA-PVA

CTGF

2600 ± 1400

3T3 fibroblasts, HaCat keratinocytes, and EA.hy926 endothelial cells

CTGF loaded core–shell NFs improved cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell migration at ulcer site

[23]

PELA

bFGF

783 ± 129

MEF/skin regeneration for diabetic rats with dorsal wounds

The release system improved collagen deposition and ECM remodeling at diabetic ulcer site

[99]

PLGA/CNC composite

Neurotensin

380 ± 28

Round 0.6-cm-diameter full-thickness dermal wounds in mice

The composite NFs promote rapid healing than control groups during 2 week

[100]

Col/HA

VEGF, PDGF, bFGF and EGF

HA: 486 + 151

Col: 534 ± 128

HUVECs/induced diabetic rats

The delivery system accelerated wound closure rate, with elevated collagen deposition and enhanced maturation of vessels

[101]

Eudragit RL/RS 100

Gentamicin and rhEGF

–

Female C57BL/6 mice

The NFs mesh showed

acceptable antibacterial activity and In vivo work induced faster wound healing in dorsal wounds

[102]

PHBV/gelatin methacryloyl

EGF

900 ± 600 to 3500 ± 1800

3T3

fibroblasts, HaCat keratinocytes and EA.hy926 endothelial cells

Promoting keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells migration and proliferation and enhanced angiogenesis and in vivo wound healing

[103]