Fig. 1

Liposome characterizations, cellular uptake and inhibition of collagen expression in CAFs. A Appearance, particle size, and TEM image of CFH/OM-L. B Zeta potential of OM-L and CFH/OM-L. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3, *P < 0.05. C Accumulative release profile of OM from CFH/OM-L in PBS with different values. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3, ***P < 0.001. D Immunofluorescence images of α-SMA and Tenascin C in LX-2 and TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells. E Fluorescence images of CAFs uptake after treatments with various formulations. Scale bar: 100 μm. F CAFs uptake of C6-L, CFH/C6-L, and CFH/C6-L + CFH peptide detected by flow cytometry. (G) Intracellular fluorescence intensity measured by flow cytometry. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. **P < 0.01. H Cellular uptake mechanism studied by specific internalization inhibitors. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Compared with the control group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. I The expression of Collagen I in various formulation groups measured by ELISA assay. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Compared with the model group, **P < 0.01. J Picrosirius red staining of total collagen in various formulation groups. Scale bar: 200 μm. The positive staining cells were quantified in 3 randomly selected fields per section. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Compared with the PBS group, **P < 0.01