Table 1 Summary of PDEVs in multiple pathological conditions
Plant species | Molecular mechanism | Biological function | Diseases | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaempferia parviflora | Â | Suppression of cell viability | Gastric cancer | (60) |
Tea flowers/leaves | Stimulating ROS generation | Anti-proliferation, anti-migration | Breast cancer | (61, 62) |
Lemon | Improving ROS concentration | Induction of cell apoptosis | Gastric cancer | (64) |
Bitter melon | Â | Sensitizing effect of 5-fluorouracil | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | (68, 69) |
Petasites japonicus | Activating MAPK and NF-κB signaling | Promoting maturation of dendritic cells, activating Th1/cytotoxic T cells | SARS-CoV-2 infection | (81) |
Pueraria lobata | Facilitating M2 macrophage polarization | Anti-inflammatory | Inflammatory-related diseases | (82) |
Oat | Decreasing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines | Prevention of ethanol-induced brain damage | Brain damage | (84) |
Lemon | Inhibiting ERK/NF-κB signalling | Anti-inflammatory effects | Inflammatory damage | (85) |
Carrot | Up-regulating antioxidative molecules | Alleviating oxidative stress | Myocardial infarction | (90) |
Aloe saponaria | Â | Promoting tube formation and angiogenesis | Skin wound | (96) |
Ginseng | Delivery of plant microRNAs into BMSCs | Facilitating BMSC neural differentiation and neural restoration | Skin wound | (97) |
Ginseng | Altering polarization of M2 macrophages | Improving anti-tumor immune response | Melanoma | (100) |
Dendropanax morbifera | Impairing tyrosinase-related signaling | Reducing melanin concentration and increased whitening effect | Melanoma | (101) |