Fig. 4

Density-based EV separation from blood plasma and urine by (in)experienced operators versus automated liquid handling. A Log2 of LFQ intensities of EV-associated proteins (CD9, CD63, ALIX (PDCD6IP), ANXA1, MSN, GAPDH, GNAI2, HSPA8) in density fractions 9 and 10 obtained from blood plasma after density-based separation by (in)experienced operators (inexp., exp.) and automated liquid handling (auto.). LFQ intensity-based enrichment analysis of density fractions 9 and 10 obtained from blood plasma comparing enrichment in (B) ‘lipoprotein particle’ and C ‘extracellular vesicle’ GOCC terms. D Transmission electron microscopy of EV-enriched density fractions obtained from blood plasma by an experienced operator and automated liquid handling (scale bar: 200 nm). Log2 of LFQ intensities of (E) EV-associated proteins and F Tamm-Horsfall protein in density fractions 9 and 10 obtained from urine after density-based separation by (in)experienced operators and automated liquid handling. G LFQ intensity-based enrichment analysis of density fractions 9 and 10 obtained from urine comparing enrichment in ‘extracellular vesicle’ GOCC term. H Transmission electron microscopy of EV-enriched density fractions obtained from urine by an experienced operator and automated liquid handling. White arrows indicate EV and black arrows indicate THP polymers. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U test). Source data are provided as Additional file 8:  Table S2