Fig. 5

Immunization with bacterial SyBV induces proliferation and differentiation of germinal B-cells and T-cells in the spleen. a Mean percentages of proliferating B-cells observed in the spleens of mice immunized with P. aeruginosa or E. coli SyBV (n = 4). b Immunofluorescent staining of immunized mouse spleens for germinal center B-cells expressing B220/GL7. Scale bars, 100 μm. c-e Mean percentages of proliferating CD4⁺ T cells (c), follicular B-helper T-cells (d) and CD44⁺ memory T-cells (e) infiltrating the spleens of mice immunized with P. aeruginosa or E. coli SyBV (n = 4). Throughout, data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test versus the sham group