Fig. 3
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (hASC-EVs) inhibited oxidative damage, promoted antioxidant activity, and alleviated H2O2-stimulated oxidative reactivity in dental follicle cells (DFCs). The oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of the experimental group in response to H2O2 stimulation were examined after hASC-EV administration. a Representative images showing DCF (green) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in each group. Scale bar = 200 μm. b Representative images showing 8-OHdG (green nuclei) immunostaining results and the cytoskeleton (red) in each group. Scale bar = 50 μm. c Representative images showing the MMP of DFCs, detected using JC-1 staining, which was identified by green fluorescence for the monomeric form of JC-1 and red fluorescence for potential-dependent aggregation. Scale bar = 100 μm. d Histograms showing lipid peroxidation (MDA) concentrations in the different groups. e–g Histograms showing quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DCFH (e), 8-OHdG (f), and JC-1 ratio (g) in DFCs. h–k Histograms showing the FRAP (h), GSH-PX (i), SOD (j), and CAT (k) concentrations in different groups (n = 5 for each group). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.001, compared to the control