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Fig. 7 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 7

From: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles protect against oxidative stress-induced xenogeneic biological root injury via adaptive regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway

Fig. 7

Hydrogel-loaded human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles envelope xenogeneic bio-root for subcutaneous grafting in Sprague–Dawley rats. a Three-dimensional (3D) distribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs; red fluorescence) in hydrogels. The line graph shows the 18-day release profile of EVs in hydrogels (n = 5 per group) (b) and weight loss degradation (c) in double-distilled water. d Immunofluorescence was used to assess cell apoptosis and oxidative damage after xenogeneic root transplantation. Scale bar = 50 μm. e Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining revealed tissue regeneration in Sprague–Dawley rats after subcutaneous abdominal transplantation of xenobiotic dental roots for 4 and 12 weeks. Yellow arrow: periodontal ligament-like fibers and new blood vessel tissue; red arrow: predentin; black arrow: absorption of xECM; M: muscle layer; X: xECM. Left images of each group = 100 μm; right images of each group = 50 μm

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Journal of Nanobiotechnology

ISSN: 1477-3155

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