Fig. 8From: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles protect against oxidative stress-induced xenogeneic biological root injury via adaptive regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathwayHuman adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles treatment inhibited oxidative stress and promoted periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue regeneration in xenogeneic bio-roots. a Immunohistochemical evaluation of odontogenic differentiation of bio-root composites in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Scale bar = 50 μm. b Immunofluorescence was used to assess COL1 and OPN expression in bio-root composites. Scale bar = 50 μm. X: xenogeneic extracellular matrixBack to article page