Fig. 5

Incorporation of ropivacaine into hydrogels potentiates chemotherapy efficacy by enhancing T cell immunity. A Schematic diagram of drug administration for treating the tumors. B Tumors after 14 days of different treatments. C Average tumor growth curves for 14 days (n = 5). D The weight of tumors on the 14th day (n = 5). E TUNEL staining for tumor sections was performed to identify apoptotic cells, while DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. Scale bar = 50 μm. F Body weight changes during the 14 days of treatments (n = 5). G MHC-I immunofluorescent staining in tumors. DAPI was used to stain the nuclei, Scale bar = 20 μm. H, I Flow cytometry analysis and statistical results of the percent of CD8⁺ T cells in CD45⁺ cells in the tumors (n = 4). J Mechanism diagram of PFCR killing tumors. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. PF PF127 hydrogel, PFC cisplatin-loaded PF127 hydrogel, PFCR cisplatin and ropivacaine-coloaded PF127 hydrogel