Fig. 6

Therapeutic mechanisms of PUA NPs on AKI. A Volcano plots showing the identified upregulated and downregulated genes by PUA NPs. B Gene ontology analysis of molecular functions of PUA NPs. C KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the identified differentially expressed genes. The most significantly enriched pathways are shown. The levels of D SOD, E GSH, F MDA, G TNF-α, H IL-6 in the kidney after different treatments. I ROS levels in kidney tissues from different treatments groups stained by DHE. Scale bar: 100 µm