Antifungal activity of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Zizyphus spina leaf extract against Fusarium root rot disease in tomato plants

Table 3 Effect of CuO-Zs-NPs treatments at thethree different concentrations(50, 100, and 250) mg/l on the percentage (%) of pollen grain fertility in compared to the chemical fungicide and Trichoderma biocide treatments

Treatments	N of Tetrad	N of Immature PG	Total N mature PG	Sterile PG %*	Fertile PG
Treatments	N of Tetrad	N of Immature PG	Total N mature PG	Sterile PG %*	n%*	2n%*	Total fertile
CuO50	70	689	2950	8.5 ± 0.2^E	91.5 ± 0.3^A	0 ± 0^C	91.53
CuO100	75	750	3008	57.7 ± 2.2^B	39.8 ± 2.0^CD	2.4 ± 0.1^B	42.31
CuO250	110	915	2435	66.8 ± 5.6^A	30.1 ± 1.7^D	3.1 ± 0.2^B	33.22
Trichoderma biocide	50	655	3200	28.1 ± 2.8^D	68.7 ± 2.9^B	3.1 ± 0.2^B	71.88
Fungicide	150	514	2040	47.3 ± 1.6^C	49.7 ± 4.1^C	2.9 ± 0.1^B	52.7
Positive Control	100	650	1520	52.6 ± 0.7^BC	35.6 ± 0.1^CD	11.8 ± 0.4^A	47.43
Untreated Control (Negative)	212	544	1000	1 ± 0.2^E	99 ± 8.7^A	0 ± 0^C	99

N: number.n, haploid. 2n diploid*% percentage from total mature PG; Bars with the same letters are not statistically significant based on the least significant difference (LSD) test (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 1477-3155